วันจันทร์ที่ 17 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2554

Chapter 8

How Do Web Search Engines Work


Search engines are the key to finding specific information on the vast expanse of the World Wide Web. Without sophisticated search engines, it would be virtually impossible to locate anything on the Web without knowing a specific URL. But do you know how search engines work? And do you know what makes some search engines more effective than others?
When people use the term search engine in relation to the Web, they are usually referring to the actual search forms that searches through databases of HTML documents, initially gathered by a robot.

There are basically three types of search engines: Those that are powered by robots (called crawlers; ants or spiders) and those that are powered by human submissions; and those that are a hybrid of the two.
Sponsored10 New Reasons to Virtualize Your Infrastructure: The cost savings that comes with virtualization makes an easy selling point, but there are other reasons the technology makes sense.
Crawler-based search engines are those that use automated software agents (called crawlers) that visit a Web site, read the information on the actual site, read the site's meta tags
and also follow the links that the site connects to performing indexing on all linked Web sites as well. The crawler returns all that information back to a central depository, where the data is indexed. The crawler will periodically return to the sites to check for any information that has changed. The frequency with which this happens is determined by the administrators of the search engine.
Human-powered search engines rely on humans to submit information that is subsequently indexed and catalogued. Only information that is submitted is put into the index.

5 seaech engines on the internet

1. Google

Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in the year 1996.Google today has sky as its limit and all of us know that even an illiterate person know what google is.Google’s headquarters are located at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California,USA.Today,Google is not only a search engine it is far more than that today google has now came up as a company and it serves the whole world.

2. Yahoo

Yahoo

Yahoo was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in the year 1994 but till 1995 Yahoo was called Jerry’s Guide to the World Wide Web but later in 1995 it was renamed as yahoo!.Yahoo today gives equal competition to Google and other big Internet boons.Yahoo’s headquarter are located at 701 First Ave. Sunnyvale, California, United States.

3. Baidu

baidu

Baidu is a Chinese company which serves China and Japan only but due to its high traffic it is ranked 6th on Alexa. Baidu offers search in Chinese only. Baidu’s headquarter are located at Beijing, China. Baidu was founded by Robin Li and Eric Xu.

4. MSN

msn

Though Msn now has been converted into bing but it was a great search engine before that. MSN is a product of Microsoft and MSN is ranked 11 on Alexa.MSN serves the whole world. MSN is a portal website which makes MSN a good competitor of other search engines. MSN was launched by Microsoft on August 24, 1995.

5. Bing

bing

Bing has a really nice full form which is “Bing is not Google”.Although this is not the official full form of Bing, Bing itself is a word. Bing is a product of Microsoft, Microsoft converted msn into bing. Bing’s rank on Alexa is 24 which is really nice.Bing has spent only a year in the search engine market but it has prospered a lot.Bing was launched on June 3, 2009.




วันจันทร์ที่ 10 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2554

Chapter 7

Flooding in Thailand


There are still plenty of ordinary Australians desperate to help, but not sure how to . However, it is still very difficult for individuals, many of whom live in or near flood affected areas, to find out the best way they can help and support their local community.

if you have muscle or manpower to volunteer you can register with Volunteering QLD who are coordinating volunteer efforts in Queensland, but there are plenty of other ways that you can provide practical, hands on support for flood victims. It is often the simple, seemingly little things, that can make the biggest difference in supporting those affected by floods.

An innovative new service called HelpOut, has been established specifically to connect those people who need help with those who are able to provide help. This service allows individuals living in or near flood affected communities, to list the types of help they can offer. Perhaps more importantly though, HelpOut also allows those people directly affected by flood, many of whom are in desperate need of assistance, to specify exactly the type of assistance that they need.

HelpOut allows people to search by location (town, suburb or postcode), and presents offers and calls for help on a map – so it is very easy to see what help is available (or need) in specific areas.

วันจันทร์ที่ 26 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2554

วันจันทร์ที่ 12 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2554

Chapter 3

Library of Congress Classification


photo

The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. It is used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S. and several other countries, for example, Australia and Taiwan, R.O.C. It is not to be confused with the Library of Congress Subject Headings or Library of Congress Control Number. Most public libraries and small academic libraries continue to use the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC).

Dewey Decimal Classification

http://img.ehowcdn.com/article-page-main/ehow/images/a07/c8/ca/make-dewey-decimal-poster-800x800.jpg

The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC, also called the Dewey Decimal System) is a proprietary system of library classification developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876.[1] It has been greatly modified and expanded through 23 major revisions, the most recent in 2011.[2] This system organizes books on library shelves in a specific and repeatable order that makes it easy to find any book and return it to its proper place. The system is used in 200,000 libraries in at least 135 countries.[3][4] A designation such as Dewey 16 refers to the 16th edition of the DDC.

http://en.wikipedia.org

Link
The Library of congress website http://www.loc.gov
British Library : http://www.bl.uk/
Thai National Library www.nlt.go.th/
Sripatum University Library : http://library.spu.ac.th/
ASEAN Community Website : http://www.asean.org/

วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 8 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2554

Chapter 2 Objective facts & Subjective opinion

OBJECTIVITY & SUBJECTIVITY

The difference between these two important ideas is the difference between fact and opinion. Facts are objective and provably true; however, if no clear facts exist about a topic, then a series of balanced opinions needs to be produced to allow the reader to make up his or her mind; opinions are subjective ideas held by individuals and so are always biased. If unbalanced opinions are presented as if they are facts, they act as propaganda or persuasion, e.g. a newspaper headline might state: "Youngsters are the prime cause of trouble in this area". This is presented as an objective fact but is clearly a subjective opinion.

Source: http://www.englishbiz.co.uk/popups/objectivity.htm

1. objective Facts
Ex.
Leptis Magna

10 สิ่งมหัศจรรย์ของโลก


World famous as arguably the best preserved and most extensive Roman city in the world. Originally a Phoenician settlement probably founded in the 6th century BC under the aegis of Carthage, Leptis Magna became a great metropolis under the Romans, particularly during the reign of Septimus Severus (193-211 AD), who was born in the city. Following the end of the Severan dynasty, with the assassination of Alexander Severus in the year 235 AD, the city fell into decline although a period of rejuvenation occurred under Diocletian (284-305 AD) and Constantine (306-337 AD). When the Vandals conquered Tripolitania in the mid-5th century AD, it fell upon the Emperor Justinian to reclaim the land for Byzantium, which he achieved. In the 7th century, Tripolitania was conquered by the Arabs, and Leptis Magna never revisited its former glory.

Among the many sites of interest at Leptis Magna are the Severan Arch, the Palaestra or Sports Ground, the Nymphaeum, the Hadrianic Baths, the Colonnaded Street, the Severan Forum, the Severan Basilica, the Theatre, the Harbour, the Circus, the Temple of Liber Pater, the Temple of Rome and Augustus, the Arch of Trajan, the Arch of Tiberius and the Market.

Source: http://www.caravanserai-tours.com/leptis.htm




2.Subjective Opinions:
EX:

New N.Y. Times opinion columnist is ... a food writer

วันพุธที่ 31 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2554

Chapter 1

Data information knowledge wisdom

Data - The term data refers to qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of variables. Data (plural of "datum") are typically the results of measurements and can be the basis of graphs, images, or observations of a set of variables. Data are often viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which information and then knowledge are derived. Raw data, i.e. unprocessed data, refers to a collection of numbers, characters, images or other outputs from devices that collect information to convert physical quantities into symbols.

Information - Information in its most restricted technical sense is an ordered sequence of symbols that record or transmit a message. It can be recorded as signs, or conveyed as signals by waves. Information is any kind of event that affects the state of a dynamic system. As a concept, however, information has numerous meanings. Moreover, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, representation, and especially entropy.


Knowledge - Knowledge is a familiarity with someone or something, that can include facts, descriptions, information, and/or skills acquired through experience or education. It can refer to the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject); and it can be more or less formal or systematic. In philosophy, the study of knowledge is called epistemology, and the philosopher Plato famously defined knowledge as "justified true belief." There is however no single agreed upon definition of knowledge, and there are numerous theories to explain it.

Wisdom - Wisdom is a deep understanding and realizing of people, things, events or situations, resulting in the ability to choose or act or inspire to consistently produce the optimum results with a minimum of time, energy or thought. It is the ability to optimally (effectively and efficiently) apply perceptions and knowledge and so produce the desired results. Wisdom is also the comprehension of what is true or right coupled with optimum judgment as to action. Synonyms include: sagacity, discernment, or insight. Wisdom often requires control of one's emotional reactions (the "passions") so that one's principles, reason and knowledge prevail to determine one's action


What is good information ?

Information good in economics and law is a type commodity whose main market value is derived from the information it contains. It may also include services (information services). The typical examples of information goods include a CD containing pieces of music, a DVD containing a movie, a computer file which is a piece of program, a book containing short stories, and so on.

In information goods, the valuable part is a pattern in which the material is arranged - the arrangement of ink on paper, paint on canvas, magnetic elements on a tape, a series of dents (pits) on a compact disc, etc. Those patterns might be either directly consumed by humans (through reading, viewing, etc.) or may be used to operate other devices such as a cassette player or a computer. The working of device, in turn, may produce some consumable pattern of information (such as visual, sound, or text), another pattern for the use of other devices, or both.

Information goods are often contrasted with material goods such as clothes, food, and cars. The market values of these goods typically rely on both the nature of material and its arrangements. When a car is made of wood instead of metals, for example, the market value of the car would be very limited.

What is poor information ?

lrrelevant information is of little value when it is too old of out-of-data to be relevant
to the users need.
Swamping It is not helpful when information is too voluminous to allow any sense to be
made of it. It is the quality of information is important. not the quantity
Unclear information is poor when it is not presented in a way that will facilitate a decision .
Not all threw If information is incomplete. it may fail to provide a clear sense of the
entirety of problem.



Sources of information

"Source" means the origin of something. An information source is a source of information for somebody, i.e. anything that might inform a person about something or provide knowledge to somebody. Information sources may be observations, people, speeches, documents, pictures, organizations etc. They may be primary sources, secondary sources, tertiary sources and so on. Empiricism regards sense data as the ultimate information sources, while other epistemologies have different views (cf., source criticism).


What is Information Literacy?

Information Literacy is the ability to identify what information is needed, understand how the information is organized, identify the best sources of information for a given need, locate those sources, evaluate the sources critically, and share that information. It is the knowledge of commonly used research techniques.

What is Information Overload?

Information overload is a description given to the phenomenon where so much information is taken in by the human brain that it becomes nearly impossible to process it. Alvin Toffler, an academic from Russia, is credited with coining the term. Since the term was first used, it has become very popular, especially in the computer age, though some say information overload is more a time and presentation issue, than an actual data issue.


Value of information

information comes to us in a myriad of forms and from a variety of sources including
books. videos television. online databases. billboards. web sites. news papers. people
and more.


Users of information

ஐ There are many kinds of information users in the modern world, not just personal users. They including users in:

☀Business and industry
☀education
☀research and development
☀entertainment

Business and industry

Businesses need information about their industry and trade for comparison generation of new ideas and motivation. Thy need to be able to track competitors and follow trends and markets. Gaining an edge in information is crucial to corporate success. so it is vital to be able to access information quickly and efficiently. Success in business hinges on the quality of analysis and effective use of available information. The information needs to be accurate. up-to-date and supplied quickly.


What is mind map ?

A mind map is a graphical way to represent ideas and concepts. It is a visual thinking tool that helps structuring information, helping you to better analyze, comprehend, synthesize, recall and generate new ideas.

Just as in every great idea, its power lies in its simplicity.

In a mind map, as opposed to traditional note taking or a linear text, information is structured in a way that resembles much more closely how your brain actually works. Since it is an activity that is both analytical and artistic, it engages your brain in a much, much richer way, helping in all its cognitive functions. And, best of all, it is fun!

So, how does a mind map look like? Better than explaining is showing you an example.

Mind Map - Laws of Mind Mapping

This is a mind map about – conveniently enough – mind mapping itself. It presents, in a visual way, the core elements and techniques on how to draw mind maps. Yes, I know this may look a little too messy initially, but bear with me: once you break the ingrained habit of linear note taking, you won’t look back.



http://www.bloggang.com/data/champ-za/picture/1191689939.gif Bibliography

♫ http://en.wikipedia.org

♫ http://litemind.com/what-is-mind-mapping/

♫ http://www.gdrc.org/icts/i-overload/infoload.html

♫ http://thefreshreflection.com/?p=8069

♫ http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-information-overload.htm

♫ http://www.webs.uidaho.edu/info_literacy/

♫ Access to Library and information systems



Yolladee Haruthaiwichitchoke < yok> 54009337